Petrology of ore deposits university of south alabama. Ross abstract the shafter mining district is principally notable for the presidio mine, which. An introduction to the geology and metallic ore deposits. A deposit is a financial term with multiple definitions. Introduction to ore forming processes laurence robb introduction to ore forming processes is the first senior undergraduate postgraduate textbook to focus specifically on the multiplicity of geological processes that result in the formation of mineral deposits. As ore deposits are mined the highgrade zones are developed first leaving lowgrade ores. Kong, zhigang wu, yue liang, ting zhang, feng meng, xuyang lu, lin and yang, g. Ore is natural rock or sediment that contains one or more valuable minerals, typically metals, that can be mined, treated and sold at a profit.
Classification of ore deposits linkedin slideshare. Applications to exploration in nevada and beyond 39 john l. Pdf ore deposits form by a variety of natural processes that concentrate elements into a small volume that can be economically mined. Opens with an overview of magmatic ore forming processes moves systematically through hydrothermal and sedimentary metallogenic environments. This means that, if a mine project is started and approved by all instances, local communities will be impacted in different ways. Ore deposits can be exclusively formed under sedimentation processes such as iron ore formation banded iron formations bifbanded hematite quartzite bhq, diamond in conglomerate, zinclead deposits in dolomite, and limestones. The various theories of ore genesis explain how the various types of mineral deposits form within the earths crust. Geology and economics of strategic and critical minerals. Introduction to oreforming processes mining information. The act system organizes all payment activity by deposits. Lecture 2 ore deposit classification and ore reserves. Ore deposit is an economic term, while mineral deposit is a geologic term.
You will create a different deposit each day, and possibly several deposits during the course of each day. Mineral deposit models usgs publications repository. The social impacts from mining is discussed in lecture 6. Ore deposit is a natural concentration of one or more minerals within the host rock. An ore deposit is a welldefined mineral deposit that has been tested and found to be of sufficient size, grade, and accessibility to be extracted i.
The growth in the metal ore mining market is due to the expectation of greater stability in the commodity prices, and rising demand for iron ore products from developing countries such. Introduction to andrew jacksons ore deposits series for nongeologists. Whether a given mineral deposit is also an ore deposit depends on many factors other than the level of concentration and the size of the deposit. Introduction diversity of carlinstyle gold deposits 1 john l.
A block model is a simplified representation of an ore body and its surroundings that can be thought of as a stack of computergenerated bricks that represent small volumes of rock in a deposit ore and waste. Estimates of the tonnage and average grade of ore deposits ore reserve estimates are made for various purposes. Introduction to the special issue role of magmatic. Multiple constraints from chospbsr isotopic compositions. Primary and secondary mineralogy of ore deposits introduction our society and civilization is built upon resources of all kinds, also earth resources. The residues left in the rocks after ore minerals have been removed by weathering also may be clues to ore deposits. Introduction to oreforming processes laurence robb. Ore deposits are crustal concentrations of useful elements that can be exploited at a profit. Ore refers to industrial minerals as well as metals. Prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits, volume 21. Only students with a semestermodule mark of more than 50% and an exam mark of more than 35% will be. Pdf mineral deposits ore deposit environments formation of mineral deposits introduction the hydrologic cycle the rock cycle types of sedimentary. Introduction to geology and resources of gold, and geochemistry of gold the case for gold an introduction to geology and resources of gold in the united states by daniel r. Pdf introduction to mineral exploration second edition.
Pdf ore geology and industrial minerals an introduction. Ore is extracted from the earth through mining and treated or refined, often via smelting, to extract the valuable metals or minerals the grade of ore refers to the concentration of the desired material it contains. Introduction to ore forming processes is the first senior undergraduate postgraduate textbook to focus specifically on the multiplicity of geological processes that result in the formation of mineral deposits opens with an overview of magmatic ore forming processes moves systematically through hydrothermal and sedimentary metallogenic environments, covering as. Ore genesis theories generally involve three components. Further readings are an introduction into selected themes from the literature.
Introduction to mineral exploration second edition edited by charles j. All ore deposits are mineral deposits, but the reverse is not true. Magmatic ore deposits are masses of igneous rock enriched in useful chemical elements to such an extent that it is feasible to mine them at a profit. Introduction to ore forming processes is the first senior undergraduate postgraduate text book to focus specifically on the multiplicity of geological processes that result in the formation of mineral deposits. Much new data and many new ideas have emerged in the area of ore geology and industrial minerals since publication of the second edition of this text in 1987.
Each brick, or cell, contains estimates of data, such as element grade, density and other. Introduction ore deposits are crustal concentrations of useful elements that can be exploited at a pro. Introduction the purpose of any classification is to group similar objects into classes or sets either for convenience, organization, or access, as in a collection,a library, or a computer data base, or for the purpose of learning more about the items being classified. An introduction to the geology and metallic ore deposits of tasmania m. Shawe geochemistry of gold in hydrothermal deposits by samuel b. The study of ore deposits through the last century has required and. A deposit can be viewed as a group of payments taken by an individual cashier. Commencing with an overview of magmatic ore forming processes, the text moves systematically through hydrothermal and sedimentary metallogenic environments.
Metallurgical ore with a high chromium content minimum 68% chromium and the. Students who gain less than 40% in the exam will be considered to have failed the course, irrespective of the semestermodule mark. To be considered as ore, an accumulation of an element must combine high grade with large tonnage and must be accessible to mining operations. Introduction to geology and resources of gold, and. One definition of deposit refers to when a portion of funds is used as security or. Sources of ore forming material for pbzn deposits in the sichuanyunnanguizhou triangle area. Thus, the size and grade of an ore deposit changes as the economic conditions change. A special issue devoted to skarn deposits introduction terminology, classification, and composition of skarn deposits m.
The calculation of your semestermodule mark is weighted as follows. Introduction to the special issue on geophysics apply to mineral exploration scientific contributions presented in this special issue on geophysics applied to mineral exploration cover a broad spectrum of studies, from those aiming at providing a better understanding of the regional framework to those focussing on the discovery of mineralized targets with a specific physical. Physical removal of rock ore generally involves either openpit mining or underground mining. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The overriding philosophy behind this new edition is the inclusion and integration of this new material within the established framework of the text. The ore deposits are similar to the magmatic events in ages, and magmatism provided both the thermal conditions and the source of the metallogenic hydrothermal. Highgrade iron ore deposits developed from banded iron formations 2. Mcqueen crc leme, australian national university, canberra, act 0200 and school of rehs, university of canberra, act 2601. Introduction to the special issue on geophysics applied to. Mechanical deposition of sedimentary mineral deposits in some cases, the ore mineral, on account of its resistance to weathering and its hardness, survived the destruction of many of the rock minerals. An introduction to ore deposits for collectors by andrew a. Purchase prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits, volume 21 2nd edition. Sources of minerals the mineral collector or gold panner may hear words such as mississippi valleytype deposit or porphyry copper or gold ore or gossan tossed about by fellow collectors or mentioned in articles in the mineralogical. As the ore body cannot be moved, the mines position will be predetermined by the location of the ore body.
Introduction to ore mineralogy an ore is a naturally occurring rock or material composed of a mineral or minerals of economic value that can be extracted at a reasonable profit. Introduction to ore forming processes is the first senior undergraduate postgraduate textbook to focus specifically on the multiplicity of geological processes that result in the formation of mineral deposits. For example, and ordinary telephone receiver is made from more than 40 different chemical elements, most of them being different metals. Phase diagrams and ore deposits week 14, 15 student presentations. This section focuses particularly on the types of ore minerals and the microscopic investigation of metalliferous materials. Classification of mineral deposits introduction hydrothermal deposits magmatic deposits syngenetic deposits epigenetic deposits porphyry deposits skarn deposits vein deposits. Introduction to economic geology and and the basic concepts of ores, profit, mining, and the periodic table. If youve been searching for a modern textbook on metallic ore deposits, this is a. Ore genesis theories are very dependent on the mineral or commodity. Geology and ore deposits of the shafter mining district, presidio county, texas by clyde p. They may be made by examining engineers as a basis for placing a value on a mining property in connection with reports on behalf of owners or vendors, on the one hand, or for prospective purchasers or lessees, on the other.